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Offshore Wind FAQ
What are the advantages of offshore wind?
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Reduced need for land-based transmission capacity
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Offshore wind farms can be located closer to populated coastal areas, minimizing the requirement for extensive transmission infrastructure over land.
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Flexibility and cost-effectiveness
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Offshore wind provides an alternative energy source when onshore resources, such as wind or solar, become more expensive than anticipated.
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Overcoming hurdles faced by onshore projects
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Offshore wind projects encounter fewer challenges related to land acquisition, local opposition, and permitting.
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Higher capacity factors and diverse generation profiles
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Offshore wind benefits from stronger and more consistent winds, resulting in higher capacity factors and a greater proportion of installed capacity being utilized. Additionally, its different generation profile helps balance the variability of land-based solar and wind, contributing to a more reliable and stable energy mix.
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What are the disadvantages of offshore wind?
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Higher upfront costs
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Offshore wind projects generally require significant initial CAPEX due to complex engineering, construction, and installation processes, making them more costly than onshore wind projects.
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Longer project timelines
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Compared to onshore projects, offshore wind farms typically have longer development timelines due to regulatory requirements, environmental assessments, and the need for more extensive planning and coordination.
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Technical and logistical complexities
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Building and maintaining offshore wind farms involve working in harsh marine conditions, requiring specialized equipment, vessels, and skilled personnel. This increases operational and maintenance costs.
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Grid connection challenges
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Connecting offshore wind farms to the onshore power grid can be challenging, requiring the installation of undersea cables, which adds complexity and costs to the project.
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What is floating offshore wind?
- Floating offshore wind technology enables wind turbines to be installed in deep waters (greater than 60m or 200ft deep), where traditional fixed-bottom offshore wind installations are not feasible.
- This is done by anchoring wind turbines to floating structures, such as semi-submersible platforms or tension-leg platforms, allowing them to harness wind energy in areas farther offshore.
- The United States is targeting deployment of 15GW in floating offshore wind capacity by 2035.
Which country has the most offshore wind power?
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China has by far the most offshore wind power of any country in the world with 31.4GW installed capacity, 49% of the global total.
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Following China is the U.K. with 14GW (22% of global total) and Germany with 8GW (13% of global total).
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The Netherlands, Denmark and Belgium each have around 4% of the world’s total offshore wind capacity.
Source: Global Wind Energy Council, 2023
What is the largest offshore wind farm in the world?
- Hornsea Project Two, located off the coast of England in the North Sea, is the largest offshore wind farm in the world with 165 turbines and 1.386GW capacity.
- The project was commissioned in 2022 and uses Siemens Gamesa SG 8.0-167 DD turbine.
- Hornsea Project One (1.218GW) is the second largest offshore wind project in the world.
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