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Energy Transition Stock List

Solar Stocks List

Use this solar stocks list to compare 47 solar energy stocks across the full photovoltaic value chain, from polysilicon, wafer, cell and module manufacturers to inverter and tracker suppliers, EPC contractors, project developers, and diversified utilities with major solar portfolios.

It spans listed solar companies across the US, China, Europe and beyond, covering pure-play solar panel makers, specialist technology firms, and solar-plus-storage platforms. If you want diversified exposure rather than single names, the related Solar ETFs list compares US-listed solar funds.

47 CompaniesCombined Mkt Cap: $420.5BUpdated: July 24, 2026
At a glance

  • Constituents trade across 6 listing countries, from the major global exchanges to local markets.
  • Covers module and wafer manufacturers, inverter makers, trackers and renewable power producers.
  • Largest constituent: NextEra Energy (NEE) at $186.94B.
  • Every addition, removal and correction is logged in List Updates below.
47 companies
FX rates — July 24, 2026: 🇨🇳 USDCNY 6.771  ·  🇪🇺 EURUSD 1.138  ·  🇭🇰 USDHKD 7.842  ·  🇳🇴 USDNOK 9.582
Company Ticker Mkt Cap ▼ HQ Segment
NextEra Energy
NEE $186.94B 🇺🇸 United States Renewable IPP
NextEra Energy
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Renewable IPP

NextEra Energy operates one of the largest renewable energy fleets in the world through its competitive subsidiary NextEra Energy Resources (NEER), which owned approximately 7.8 GW of utility-scale solar across 31 US states at end-2024. Its regulated Florida utility, FPL, operated a further 7 GW of solar within a roughly 35 GW generation base at end-2024, with new solar and battery additions a core component of FPL's 2026-2029 rate plan. NEER carried a contracted backlog of roughly 30 GW at end-2025, giving NextEra central exposure to US PPA demand from data-centre operators and corporate offtakers. Solar additions also benefit from federal investment and production tax credits.

NYSE

$186.94B

Renewable IPP
Sungrow
300274.SZ $34.73B 🇨🇳 China Inverters
Sungrow
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Inverters

Sungrow Power Supply is the world's largest PV inverter supplier by shipments, a position it has held according to S&P Global rankings, and the only manufacturer to top BNEF's annual inverter bankability survey five times. Solar inverters and related power conversion equipment generated CNY 29.1 billion of revenue in FY2024, alongside CNY 21 billion from a project development arm that builds and transfers utility-scale solar plants on a DBT or EPC basis. Energy storage has become a major high-growth segment, contributing roughly a third of FY2024 revenue at 36.7% gross margins. The Shenzhen-listed company has near-equal domestic and overseas sales, with international margins running materially higher than China's hyper-competitive domestic inverter market.

SZSE

$34.73B

Inverters
First Solar
FSLR $21.78B 🇺🇸 United States Module Manufacturer
First Solar
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Module Manufacturer

First Solar is the only US-headquartered company among the world's largest solar module manufacturers, producing cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film panels through a fully integrated continuous process developed at its Ohio and California R&D labs. Its manufacturing footprint includes five operating US plants, with a sixth facility under construction in South Carolina and additional capacity in Vietnam, Malaysia, and India, targeting roughly 18 GW of US nameplate capacity by 2027. First Solar is a major beneficiary of Section 45X advanced manufacturing tax credits, recognising $1.6 billion in 2025. Year-end 2025 contracted backlog stood at 50.1 GW worth $15 billion. OBBBA's prohibited-foreign-entity rules, which restrict tax-credit eligibility for projects using material Chinese-controlled supply-chain content, favour First Solar's US-made CdTe modules, though eligibility depends on project timing and traced content.

NASDAQ

$21.78B

Module Manufacturer
Ningbo Deye Technology
605117.SS $16.63B 🇨🇳 China Inverters
Ningbo Deye Technology
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Inverters

Ningbo Deye Technology is the world's largest supplier of residential energy storage inverters by revenue, with a 24.4% global market share in 2024 according to Frost & Sullivan, ahead of US-listed peers including Enphase. Listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the company manufactures hybrid inverters and matched LFP batteries for residential and commercial-and-industrial solar-plus-storage systems, complemented by a smaller PV inverter business in which it ranks seventh globally. Distribution covers more than 150 countries, with overseas markets representing 76% of 9M 2025 revenue and particular strength across Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. A new Malaysian production base is under construction to mitigate tariff and trade risk.

SSE

$16.63B

Inverters
Nextpower
NXT $15.15B 🇺🇸 United States Tracker
Nextpower
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Tracker

Nextpower (formerly Nextracker, rebranded November 2025) is the world's largest supplier of single-axis solar trackers, with #1 global market share for over a decade and more than 40% share in the United States. Trackers are sold under the NX Horizon family, including the terrain-following XTR and autonomous hail-stowing HailPro variants. Since its 2023 IPO from Flex, the company has pushed toward an integrated power-technology platform spanning trackers, foundations, eBOS, storage, and software, supported by the acquisitions of Bentek, Origami Solar and, in December 2025, inverter and storage maker Zigor. FY2026 revenue, for the year ended March 2026, reached $3.56 billion. Nextpower holds a debt-free balance sheet, an investment-grade rating (Fitch BBB-), and is a Section 45X manufacturing tax-credit beneficiary.

NASDAQ

$15.15B

Tracker
LONGi Green Energy
601012.SS $13.90B 🇨🇳 China Wafer Module Manufacturer
LONGi Green Energy
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Wafer Module Manufacturer

LONGi Green Energy is one of the world's largest monocrystalline solar manufacturers, producing silicon wafers, solar cells, and modules under its Hi-MO brand; it reported 111.6 GW of wafer shipments and 86.6 GW of module shipments in FY2025. The company pioneered the widespread adoption of high-efficiency monocrystalline technology in utility-scale solar and is now developing two next-generation back-contact platforms: the Hi-MO X / Hi-MO X6 line using HPBC (Hybrid Passivated Back Contact) technology, and the Hi-MO 9 flagship built on the second-generation HPBC 2.0 architecture, backed by roughly 46 GW of in-house HPBC 2.0 cell capacity. LONGi has gigawatt-scale manufacturing across China and is expanding internationally. Its revenue and margins have been pressured by the severe industry-wide module and polysilicon price deflation since late 2023.

SSE

$13.90B

Wafer Module Manufacturer
Enlight Renewable Energy
ENLT $12.11B 🇮🇱 Israel Renewable IPP
Enlight Renewable Energy
HQ: 🇮🇱 Israel Segment: Renewable IPP

Enlight Renewable Energy is an Israeli-headquartered, Nasdaq and Tel Aviv dual-listed renewable IPP that develops, finances, builds, owns, and operates utility-scale solar, wind, and battery storage projects across Israel, the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Its portfolio, spanning projects in operation, construction and development, comprises approximately 20 GW of multi-technology generation capacity and 35.8 GWh of energy storage at end-2025, with the United States its largest and fastest-growing market. Flagship US assets include the 364 MW Atrisco solar-plus-storage complex in New Mexico, the 600 MW Snowflake A project in Arizona, and the 1.2 GW CO Bar Complex with 4.0 GWh of storage. Enlight typically retains long-term equity in its projects rather than selling them, generating contracted revenue under multi-decade PPAs.

NASDAQ

$12.11B

Renewable IPP
AES Corporation
AES $10.59B 🇺🇸 United States Diversified Power Renewables
AES Corporation
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Diversified Power Renewables

AES Corporation is a US-based diversified global power company with operations in solar, wind, natural gas, and battery storage across the Americas, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, alongside regulated US utilities (AES Indiana, AES Ohio). Its AES Clean Energy division is a major US renewable platform, reporting roughly 11.0 GW owned and operated, 3.0 GW under construction, a 7.6 GW contracted backlog and a 46 GW development pipeline in its 2025 annual report. AES co-founded the grid-scale battery storage integrator Fluence Energy with Siemens. The diversified generation mix makes AES a significant but complex vehicle for solar and broader energy-transition exposure.

NYSE

$10.59B

Diversified Power Renewables
Brookfield Renewable Partners
BEP $10.04B 🇨🇦 Canada Renewable IPP
Brookfield Renewable Partners
HQ: 🇨🇦 Canada Segment: Renewable IPP

Brookfield Renewable Partners is the listed renewable platform of Brookfield Asset Management, operating roughly 47 GW of capacity at end-2025 across hydroelectric, wind, utility-scale solar, distributed energy, and storage, with a total development pipeline above 200 GW, of which roughly 84 GW is at an advanced stage. Solar accounts for around 16% of proportionate FFO, anchored by hyperscaler frameworks including a 10.5+ GW renewable framework with Microsoft. The acquisition of French developer Neoen, agreed in 2024 and completed during 2025, materially scaled BEP's solar and battery footprint. Around 90% of generation is contracted under long-term PPAs, and the partnership funds growth through asset recycling, co-investment with Brookfield's transition funds, and capital markets. BEPC offers an exchangeable corporate-share alternative to the LP units.

NYSE

$10.04B

Renewable IPP
Chint Electrics
601877.SS $7.76B 🇨🇳 China Solar Developer Inverters
Chint Electrics
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Solar Developer Inverters

Zhejiang CHINT Electrics (601877.SS) is the Shanghai-listed arm of China's CHINT group, distinct from the unlisted parent. Its consolidated revenue is led by distributed and household solar-plant development and operation, alongside its heritage low-voltage electrical equipment business. Solar inverters are housed in the separately listed subsidiary Jiangsu Chint Power (002150.SZ, formerly Tongrun Equipment), which CHINT Electrics controls following a 2023 reorganisation; its CHINT Power Systems (CPS) brand supplies string and central inverters internationally, particularly across emerging markets. The Astronergy / CHINT Solar module business was divested to the unlisted parent in 2021 and does not consolidate into the listed company. The mix of solar development, inverters and low-voltage hardware provides some insulation from single-segment price pressure.

SSE

$7.76B

Solar Developer Inverters
Tongwei Co
600438.SS $7.41B 🇨🇳 China Polysilicon Solar Cells
Tongwei Co
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Polysilicon Solar Cells

Tongwei Co. is one of the world's largest producers of high-purity polysilicon, with roughly 900,000 tonnes of capacity, and of high-efficiency solar cells, with more than 150 GW of N-type cell capacity, and has expanded downstream into module manufacturing at around 90 GW. It is also a major aquaculture-feed and agriculture company, so the listed entity's consolidated results blend solar with a large non-solar feed business. Its combined scale in polysilicon and cells gives it significant cost advantages, though margins across the solar value chain have been severely compressed by industry oversupply.

SSE

$7.41B

Polysilicon Solar Cells
TCL Zhonghuan
002129.SZ $5.08B 🇨🇳 China Wafer Module Manufacturer
TCL Zhonghuan
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Wafer Module Manufacturer

TCL Zhonghuan Renewable Energy (TZS) is a Chinese manufacturer of large-format monocrystalline silicon wafers, the key intermediate product in the crystalline-silicon supply chain, and one of the two largest wafer producers globally by volume. It pioneered the G12 (210mm) ultra-large wafer, a major large-format platform for utility-scale modules, and also manufactures finished modules. TCL Technology Group, the consumer-electronics and semiconductor group, is its controlling shareholder, bringing manufacturing-process expertise to the wafer business. Like other upstream suppliers, TCL Zhonghuan has faced severe margin pressure from the polysilicon and wafer price collapse since 2023.

SZSE

$5.08B

Wafer Module Manufacturer
Clearway Energy
CWEN $5.01B 🇺🇸 United States Renewable IPP
Clearway Energy
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Renewable IPP

Clearway Energy is one of the largest publicly listed clean energy yieldcos in the United States, owning approximately 12.9 GW of generating capacity across 27 states, comprising roughly 3.0 GW of utility-scale solar, 3.7 GW of wind, battery storage, and 2.8 GW of contracted natural gas peaking and combined-cycle plants in its Flexible Generation segment. In 2025, approximately 98% of the company's total generation was attributable to renewable and storage assets. Clearway is sponsored by Clearway Energy Group, jointly owned by Global Infrastructure Partners (now part of BlackRock) and TotalEnergies, whose roughly 29 GW development pipeline and hyperscaler PPA wins with Google and Microsoft feed drop-down acquisitions to CWEN. Clearway is positioning itself as a preferred clean-energy supplier to data-centre operators through both grid-connected and co-located projects.

NYSE

$5.01B

Renewable IPP
HA Sustainable Infrastructure Capital
HASI $4.90B 🇺🇸 United States Clean Energy Finance
HA Sustainable Infrastructure Capital
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Clean Energy Finance

HA Sustainable Infrastructure Capital (rebranded from Hannon Armstrong in June 2024) is a US-listed specialty finance company that invests in sustainable infrastructure across three end markets: behind-the-meter assets including residential solar, energy storage, and efficiency; grid-connected utility-scale solar, wind, and storage; and renewable fuels and transport. Total managed assets reached $16.1 billion at end-2025, with a $7.6 billion on-balance-sheet portfolio yielding 8.8%. The company revoked its REIT election in 2024 and now operates as a C-corporation. A 50/50 co-investment vehicle with KKR (CarbonCount Holdings 1) carries $3 billion of committed equity and up to $4.5 billion of total capital to back larger transactions, including the $1.2 billion SunZia wind investment. HASI's CarbonCount scoring framework measures avoided emissions per dollar invested.

NYSE

$4.90B

Clean Energy Finance
Enphase Energy
ENPH $4.87B 🇺🇸 United States Inverters
Enphase Energy
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Inverters

Enphase Energy is the world's leading supplier of microinverter-based residential solar and battery systems, having shipped approximately 86.4 million microinverters across more than 5.1 million systems in over 160 countries as of Q4 2025. The microinverter architecture, which converts DC to AC at the individual panel level, is the core differentiator and supports a vertically integrated platform spanning IQ Battery LFP storage, the IQ EV Charger, the Enlighten monitoring cloud, and the Solargraf installer software. Enphase dominates the US residential microinverter category and is one of the largest suppliers in the broader US residential inverter market; the United States accounted for approximately 81% of FY2025 revenue, with residential solar the core end market. Europe and Australia are the principal international growth markets. The company is expanding into US small-commercial solar via its GaN-based IQ9 microinverter, which began shipping in late 2025.

NASDAQ

$4.87B

Inverters
Primoris Services Corporation
PRIM $4.71B 🇺🇸 United States EPC / Construction
Primoris Services Corporation
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: EPC / Construction

Primoris Services Corporation is one of the largest utility-scale solar EPC contractors in the United States, with solar revenue rising from approximately $200 million in 2020 to $3.0 billion in 2025. Solar EPC and battery-storage construction sit within its Energy segment alongside natural gas generation, pipelines, and heavy civil work; the company also operates a Utilities segment focused on electric and gas distribution. Total backlog reached $11.9 billion at year-end 2025, including roughly $7 billion of recurring Master Service Agreement revenue. Customers include large solar developers such as Intersect Power, Avantus, and D.E. Shaw Renewable Investments, alongside investor-owned utilities. In a June 2026 business update, Primoris lowered its expected 2026 Renewables segment revenue to about $2.1 billion, from roughly $3.0 billion in 2025, citing cost and execution problems on six renewables projects.

NYSE

$4.71B

EPC / Construction
Trina Solar
688599.SS $4.40B 🇨🇳 China Module Manufacturer
Trina Solar
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Module Manufacturer

Trina Solar is one of China's largest vertically integrated solar companies, manufacturing monocrystalline and bifacial modules under the Vertex brand, with more than 275 GW of cumulative module shipments by Q1 2025. Previously NYSE-listed before going private and relisting on Shanghai's STAR Market, it is consistently among the largest global module shippers across utility and distributed markets. Trina has built its own tracker business, with over 27 GW of cumulative tracker deliveries by end-2024, and an energy-storage business alongside its core modules, and operates a global distribution network across Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. It is a leading developer of the 210mm large-format wafer, a major standardised platform for new utility-scale projects.

SSE

$4.40B

Module Manufacturer
Ginlong Technologies (Solis)
300763.SZ $3.74B 🇨🇳 China Inverters
Ginlong Technologies (Solis)
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Inverters

Ginlong Technologies (Solis) is a Chinese manufacturer of solar string inverters, hybrid inverters, and monitoring systems under the Solis brand, focused on residential and commercial markets internationally. The company reports over 100 GW of Solis inverters deployed cumulatively and distributes through installer and distributor networks across Europe, Australia, North America, and Asia. Its hybrid inverter line supporting battery storage has been a growth area, particularly in European residential-storage markets. Ginlong's orientation toward markets outside China differentiates it from inverter peers more reliant on domestic Chinese demand.

SZSE

$3.74B

Inverters
Aiko Solar Energy
600732.SS $3.55B 🇨🇳 China Solar Cells Module Manufacturer
Aiko Solar Energy
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Solar Cells Module Manufacturer

Aiko Solar Energy is a Chinese solar company built around its ABC (All Back Contact) cell technology, which places all electrodes on the rear of the cell to eliminate front-side shading losses and deliver high module conversion efficiencies. Listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, Aiko originally supplied solar cells to third-party module makers before pivoting to ABC-based branded modules, positioning itself as a premium-technology provider aimed at applications where efficiency commands a price premium. It has invested heavily in expanding ABC cell and module capacity across utility and distributed segments.

SSE

$3.55B

Solar Cells Module Manufacturer
JA Solar Technology
002459.SZ $3.43B 🇨🇳 China Module Manufacturer
JA Solar Technology
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Module Manufacturer

JA Solar Technology is one of China's and the world's largest solar module manufacturers, with gigawatt-scale annual capacity and global shipments across utility, commercial, and residential markets in over 130 countries. The company's DeepBlue 4.0 Pro TOPCon module is among its flagship products, incorporating N-type cell technology for higher efficiency and better low-light performance. JA Solar is building out international manufacturing to diversify supply-chain risk, including a $565 million Oman plant (6 GW cells / 3 GW modules) expected to start operating in early 2026 and a module gigafactory in Egypt announced in December 2025. Despite industry-wide price deflation, JA Solar's scale and manufacturing cost position keep it among the largest global module suppliers.

SZSE

$3.43B

Module Manufacturer
Grenergy Renovables
GRE.MC $3.34B 🇪🇸 Spain Renewable IPP
Grenergy Renovables
HQ: 🇪🇸 Spain Segment: Renewable IPP

Grenergy Renovables is a Madrid-listed renewable developer and IPP that has shifted from a solar-led model to a storage-led strategy built around large solar-plus-storage 'Oasis' platforms and standalone battery projects. Its development footprint spans Europe (Spain, Italy, Germany, Poland, Romania, the UK), the United States, and Latin America (Chile, Peru, Mexico, Colombia), with a pipeline of roughly 12 GW of solar and 71 GWh of storage under its 2028 investment plan. Its flagship Oasis platforms in Chile's Atacama and Iberia total around 5 GW of solar and 22 GWh of storage. Recent milestones include a 20-year hybrid solar-plus-storage PPA with Georgia Power in the US (May 2026) and the sale of seven distributed-generation solar plants (88 MW) in Colombia to Ecopetrol (December 2025). Its project pipeline remains substantially larger than its operating fleet.

BME

$3.34B

Renewable IPP
Solaria Energía y Medio Ambiente
SLR.MC $2.76B 🇪🇸 Spain Renewable IPP
Solaria Energía y Medio Ambiente
HQ: 🇪🇸 Spain Segment: Renewable IPP

Solaria Energía y Medio Ambiente is a Spanish independent renewable energy company operating a portfolio of utility-scale solar power plants concentrated in Spain and Iberia. The company combines long-term PPA-contracted generation with merchant market exposure and has a large land-rights and development pipeline supporting future build-out. Solaria has been selectively expanding beyond Spain into other European markets. Its concentrated Iberian exposure offers operational focus and local expertise but also geographic-concentration risk.

BME

$2.76B

Renewable IPP
SolarEdge Technologies
SEDG $2.59B 🇮🇱 Israel Inverters
SolarEdge Technologies
HQ: 🇮🇱 Israel Segment: Inverters

SolarEdge Technologies designs DC-optimised inverter systems for residential and commercial-and-industrial solar, comprising module-level Power Optimisers, string inverters, and DC-coupled batteries. The Israel-headquartered but Delaware-incorporated, Nasdaq-listed company had shipped roughly 56 GW of systems to over 145 countries by end-2024, after which it discontinued its cumulative-shipment metric. Following severe inventory and demand challenges in 2023-2024, SolarEdge returned to profitability and reported a Q4 2025 non-GAAP gross margin of 23.3% (GAAP 22.2%). It began shipping its next-generation Nexis platform in 2026 and is developing, with Infineon, a Solid State Transformer for AI data-centre 800V DC architectures, targeting initial customer engagement from 2027.

NASDAQ

$2.59B

Inverters
Xinyi Solar Holdings
0968.HK $2.46B 🇨🇳 China Solar Glass
Xinyi Solar Holdings
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Solar Glass

Xinyi Solar Holdings is one of the world's two or three dominant solar photovoltaic glass manufacturers, with average operating melting capacity of 21,400 tonnes per day in the second half of 2025, down from 23,200 t/day earlier in the year after two China lines totalling 1,800 t/day were suspended in July 2025. Solar glass accounted for 85.5% of FY2025 revenue, with the company supplying ultra-clear low-iron tempered glass to leading module manufacturers. Manufacturing is anchored in China, with overseas production in Malaysia and a new base in Indonesia where the first 1,200 t/day line commenced operation in January 2026. Margins have been compressed by a sustained PV-glass price downturn. The group also holds approximately 6.2 GW of grid-connected solar farms in China, primarily through listed subsidiary Xinyi Energy.

HKEX

$2.46B

Solar Glass
GCL Technology Holdings
3800.HK $2.42B 🇨🇳 China Polysilicon Wafer
GCL Technology Holdings
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Polysilicon Wafer

GCL Technology Holdings is the Hong Kong-listed, Cayman-incorporated entity of China's GCL group, and the leading producer of granular polysilicon made with fluidised-bed-reactor (FBR) technology, at roughly 480,000 tonnes of capacity. Its four main R&D and manufacturing bases are in Xuzhou (Jiangsu), Leshan (Sichuan), Hohhot and Baotou (Inner Mongolia); GCL fully exited its Xinjiang rod-polysilicon investment in April 2025 to focus on FBR granular silicon. It is among the world's two largest polysilicon producers by volume (second to Tongwei on total capacity, first in granular silicon), and its low-cost scale has historically influenced global polysilicon reference prices. The severe polysilicon price correction since late 2023 has significantly pressured revenues and profitability.

HKEX

$2.42B

Polysilicon Wafer
Sunrun
RUN $2.37B 🇺🇸 United States Residential Solar
Sunrun
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Residential Solar

Sunrun is the largest US residential solar and battery storage company by fleet size, with 997,280 subscribers and 1.17 million total customers as of end-2025. The company offers customer agreements that typically run 20 or 25 years, most with little-to-no upfront cost, financed through tax equity, asset-backed securities, and the long-term cash flows of its contracted base, alongside prepaid and cash options. Storage attach rates reached 71% in Q4 2025, supporting a networked battery fleet of approximately 4.0 GWh that Sunrun dispatches as a virtual power plant. The expiry of the Section 25D residential tax credit at end-2025 under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act may favour third-party-ownership models like Sunrun's, subject to Section 48E eligibility and foreign-entity rules.

NASDAQ

$2.37B

Residential Solar
GoodWe Technologies
688390.SS $2.29B 🇨🇳 China Inverters
GoodWe Technologies
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Inverters

GoodWe Technologies is a China-based manufacturer of solar inverters for residential, commercial, and industrial applications, with a particular focus on hybrid inverters that integrate battery-storage management. Listed on Shanghai's STAR Market, GoodWe has built an international distribution network across European, Australian, and emerging-market residential-solar customers with its string and hybrid inverter range. Its product line has extended into home batteries, energy-management systems, and EV charging, broadening its platform beyond standalone inverters.

SSE

$2.29B

Inverters
SMA Solar Technology
S92.DE $2.24B 🇩🇪 Germany Inverters
SMA Solar Technology
HQ: 🇩🇪 Germany Segment: Inverters

SMA Solar Technology is a German manufacturer of solar inverters with a 40-year history in power electronics for photovoltaic systems, producing string, central, and hybrid inverters for residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar, plus EV-charging and battery-storage management products. It sold 19.9 GW of inverter output in FY2025 but reported a loss, with EBITDA of -EUR 65.4 million and EBIT of -EUR 188.2 million, and is executing an expanded restructuring and transformation programme. Facing intense Chinese price competition in the mass-market string segment, SMA has broadened its manufacturing beyond Germany, adding final-assembly capacity in Krakow, while its service network and brand support a premium position in European installer and utility markets.

ETR

$2.24B

Inverters
ReNew Energy Global
RNW $2.24B 🇮🇳 India Renewable IPP
ReNew Energy Global
HQ: 🇮🇳 India Segment: Renewable IPP

ReNew Energy Global is India's largest independent renewable energy company, operating approximately 11.4 GW of commissioned capacity at end-2025 (roughly 5.8 GW solar, 5.5 GW wind, plus hydro and battery storage) under long-term power-purchase agreements primarily with Indian central and state utilities. Incorporated in England and Wales with operations run from Gurugram, India, and Nasdaq-listed via a 2021 SPAC merger, it gives international investors dollar-denominated access to India's renewable market. In May 2026 a consortium led by CPP Investments and CEO Sumant Sinha made a non-binding proposal to take ReNew private at $6.75 per share via a UK scheme of arrangement, after Masdar left an earlier consortium; the proposal remained under review by an independent special committee as of mid-2026. ReNew is also expanding into green hydrogen and hybrid solar-wind-storage projects aligned with India's 24×7 clean-power goals.

NASDAQ

$2.24B

Renewable IPP
GCL System Integration Technology
002506.SZ $2.06B 🇨🇳 China Solar Cells Module Manufacturer
GCL System Integration Technology
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Solar Cells Module Manufacturer

GCL System Integration Technology (GCL-SI, 002506.SZ) is a Shenzhen-listed solar cell and module manufacturer and member of China's GCL Group, distinct from the polysilicon entity GCL Technology Holdings (3800.HK). Its current profile centres on roughly 16 GW of high-efficiency cell capacity and 30 GW of module capacity, plus storage and energy solutions; it does not itself consolidate significant silicon-wafer production, which sits with affiliated group companies. GCL-SI serves both domestic Chinese and international markets in the highly competitive mass-market module segment. Like peers, it has faced severe margin pressure from industry-wide cell and module price deflation since 2023.

SZSE

$2.06B

Solar Cells Module Manufacturer
Sineng Electric
300827.SZ $1.98B 🇨🇳 China Inverters
Sineng Electric
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Inverters

Sineng Electric is a Chinese power-electronics manufacturer specialising in solar PV inverters and energy-storage power conversion systems, ranked the world's #4 PV inverter supplier by shipments in 2024 and a BloombergNEF Tier 1 inverter manufacturer. The product portfolio spans residential string inverters, commercial-and-industrial string inverters, large central inverters for utility-scale solar, and PCS for grid-scale battery storage, alongside power-quality controllers and active power filters. Sineng operates manufacturing bases in Wuxi and Wuzhong (China) and Bangalore (India), with the India facility providing access to the South Asian market, and sells across Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

SZSE

$1.98B

Inverters
Flat Glass Group
6865.HK $1.91B 🇨🇳 China Solar Glass
Flat Glass Group
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Solar Glass

Flat Glass Group is a Chinese manufacturer of solar photovoltaic glass and architectural flat glass, and the world's second-largest PV-glass producer behind Xinyi Solar. Its solar glass products include AR-coated low-iron tempered glass used in crystalline-silicon and thin-film module encapsulation; solar glass was about 90% of FY2024 revenue. The company is dual-listed, with Hong Kong H shares (6865.HK, listed 2015) and Shanghai A shares (601865.SS, listed 2019), and operated roughly 20,000 tonnes/day of solar-glass melting capacity in early 2025, holding an estimated 23-24% share of Chinese capacity. Like the sector, it has faced a sustained PV-glass price downturn.

HKEX

$1.91B

Solar Glass
Scatec
SCATC.OL $1.60B 🇳🇴 Norway Renewable IPP
Scatec
HQ: 🇳🇴 Norway Segment: Renewable IPP

Scatec is a Norwegian independent renewable energy developer and power producer operating utility-scale solar, wind, hydro, and battery-storage projects across Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. The company specialises in high-solar-resource emerging markets, where it has built a track record in project finance and execution. Its March 2026 materials describe roughly 6.3 GW in operation and under construction, and about 7.3 GW including acquired capacity, backed by a substantial development pipeline, under a vertically integrated model spanning development, construction, and long-term ownership. Its emerging-market focus distinguishes it from European IPPs concentrated in mature markets.

OSE

$1.60B

Renewable IPP
Shoals Technologies Group
SHLS $1.56B 🇺🇸 United States Electrical BOS
Shoals Technologies Group
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Electrical BOS

Shoals Technologies Group designs and manufactures electrical balance-of-system (eBOS) solutions for utility-scale solar, battery storage, and increasingly data-centre power infrastructure. Its patented Big Lead Assembly trunk-bus system replaces traditional combiner boxes and copper wire-and-conduit with above-ground aluminium feeder cables and prefabricated harnesses, reducing wire runs by up to 95%. Shoals' solutions have been deployed across more than 93 GW of global solar projects, with a record total backlog and awarded orders of $747.6 million at end-2025. The company has signed initial Master Service Agreements with data-centre integrators and booked $18 million in early data-centre and grid-firming orders. A wire-insulation shrinkback warranty issue has been a recurring near-term cost headwind under active litigation against the wire supplier.

NASDAQ

$1.56B

Electrical BOS
Risen Energy
300118.SZ $1.53B 🇨🇳 China Module Manufacturer
Risen Energy
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Module Manufacturer

Risen Energy is a Chinese manufacturer of monocrystalline solar modules for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications, with manufacturing in Ningbo and overseas plants serving international markets. Its current premium platform is Hyper-ion / Hyper-ion Pro heterojunction (HJT) technology, with issuer materials reporting average mass-production output around 740Wp and record cell efficiency of 26.61% in mid-2025; the earlier Titan series is its legacy PERC module family. Risen supplies modules across Europe, Australia, Latin America, and the Middle East, and operates dedicated manufacturing capacity outside China to diversify trade exposure, though overseas production does not by itself remove tariff or origin-rule risk.

SZSE

$1.53B

Module Manufacturer
T1 Energy
TE $1.40B 🇺🇸 United States Module Manufacturer
T1 Energy
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Module Manufacturer

T1 Energy (NYSE: TE) was formerly known as FREYR Battery, Inc. The company changed its name and began trading as T1 Energy under ticker TE on the NYSE on March 3, 2025, following the December 23, 2024 close of the Trina Business Combination, which brought Trina Solar's U.S. solar-manufacturing assets under the company. T1 operates G1_Dallas, a 5 GW-nameplate photovoltaic module manufacturing facility in Wilmer, Texas, using PERC and TOPCon cell technology. It is also building G2_Austin, a planned U.S. solar cell manufacturing facility in Milam County, Texas; construction of the first 2.1 GW phase began in December 2025, with the company targeting initial cell production there in Q4 2026. T1 holds long-term supply agreements with Hemlock Semiconductor for polysilicon and Corning Inc. for wafers. In Q1 2026, T1 reported net income from continuing operations of $3.9 million and Adjusted EBITDA of $9.1 million, both company-described quarterly records.

NYSE

$1.40B

Module Manufacturer
Hoymiles Power Electronics
688032.SS $1.36B 🇨🇳 China Inverters
Hoymiles Power Electronics
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Inverters

Hoymiles Power Electronics is a Chinese manufacturer of microinverters and power optimisers for residential and commercial rooftop solar, competing with Enphase in the module-level power electronics (MLPE) segment. Listed on Shanghai's STAR Market, Hoymiles represented about 22% of global microinverter shipments in 2024 and ranked first outside the United States, citing third-party research, with products sold across Europe, North America, Australia, and emerging markets. Its DTU communication units and monitoring platforms provide panel-level visibility and remote management. The microinverter segment commands premium pricing versus string inverters, favouring high-shade and complex-roof installations.

SSE

$1.36B

Inverters
Solax Power
688717.SS $1.33B 🇨🇳 China Inverters
Solax Power
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Inverters

SolaX Power Network Technology is a Chinese manufacturer of hybrid solar inverters and battery storage systems focused on the European residential solar-plus-storage market. Listed on Shanghai's STAR Market, SolaX has built a European distribution presence through its X1 and X3 inverter series, sold through solar installers in Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, and other markets. Its inverters support a range of lithium battery systems for residential self-consumption and backup power. SolaX's European orientation differentiates it from Chinese inverter peers more reliant on domestic Chinese volumes.

SSE

$1.33B

Inverters
Voltalia
VLTSA.PA $1.02B 🇫🇷 France Renewable IPP
Voltalia
HQ: 🇫🇷 France Segment: Renewable IPP

Voltalia is a French independent renewable energy developer, IPP, and service provider with solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and battery-storage projects across Europe, Latin America, and Africa. Its dual model combines ownership of generating assets with EPC, O&M, and development services for third parties. At end-2025 Voltalia had 2.9 GW in operation and 3.6 GW including projects under construction. Under its 'SPRING' plan the company deliberately cut its development pipeline by around 30% to roughly 12 GW and withdrew from five countries to concentrate on priority markets; FY2025 included a net loss of EUR 128.1 million amid Brazilian curtailment pressure. Its Euronext Paris listing and African and Latin American exposure provide geographic diversification.

EPA

$1.02B

Renewable IPP
Xinyi Energy Holdings
3868.HK $978M 🇨🇳 China Renewable IPP
Xinyi Energy Holdings
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Renewable IPP

Xinyi Energy Holdings is a Hong Kong-listed, Cayman-incorporated pure-play solar-farm operator in mainland China, owning and managing 50 renewable-energy projects with roughly 4,800 MW of aggregate approved capacity at end-2025, split between feed-in-tariff and grid-parity assets plus one small wind farm. The company sells its electricity to provincial subsidiaries of the two Chinese state grid enterprises under long-term tariff arrangements. It is a controlled subsidiary of Xinyi Solar Holdings (0968.HK), spun out as a yieldco in 2019 to give investors separately listed exposure to operating Chinese solar assets, with the parent retaining majority ownership. Xinyi Energy has pursued a PRC infrastructure REIT for selected solar-farm assets as a capital-recycling route; its status should be confirmed against the latest filings.

HKEX

$978M

Renewable IPP
Canadian Solar
CSIQ $902M 🇨🇦 Canada Module Manufacturer Renewable IPP
Canadian Solar
HQ: 🇨🇦 Canada Segment: Module Manufacturer Renewable IPP

Canadian Solar is a Canada-headquartered vertically integrated solar company with one of the broadest value-chain footprints in the industry. Its manufacturing arm targeted approximately 51 GW of module capacity by December 2025 and shipped 24.3 GW of modules in FY2025, while its Recurrent Energy division develops, owns, and operates utility-scale solar and battery-storage projects globally. Following a December 2025 reorganisation, manufacturing is split between US-focused CS PowerTech, a majority-owned subsidiary, and CSI Solar's other-market operations; the Mesquite, Texas plant reached an annual run-rate above 5 GW, expanding toward 10 GW by H2 2026. CSI Solar is separately listed on the Shanghai STAR Market (688472.SS), with the parent retaining majority ownership. The mix of manufacturing, project development, and energy services makes Canadian Solar one of the most complete integrated solar companies listed on a major Western exchange.

NASDAQ

$902M

Module Manufacturer Renewable IPP
Array Technologies
ARRY $817M 🇺🇸 United States Tracker
Array Technologies
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: Tracker

Array Technologies is one of the largest global suppliers of single-axis solar trackers for utility-scale projects, with its DuraTrack platform and patented autonomous wind-stow technology installed across thousands of projects worldwide. The 2022 acquisition of STI Norland expanded its presence in Europe and Latin America, and the acquisition of foundation-solutions provider APA Solar, agreed in June 2025 and completed in August 2025, added an adjacent product line often deployed alongside trackers. The order book stood at a record $2.2 billion at end-2025. Array manufactures with a high US domestic-content mix: its trackers can help project owners qualify for the domestic-content bonus, while Array itself claims Section 45X advanced-manufacturing credits on eligible components, two distinct tax mechanisms. Its primary US-listed tracker competitor is Nextpower.

NASDAQ

$817M

Tracker
JinkoSolar
JKS $781M 🇨🇳 China Module Manufacturer
JinkoSolar
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Module Manufacturer

JinkoSolar is one of the world's largest solar module manufacturers, having crossed 400 GW of cumulative module shipments delivered to nearly 200 countries during Q1 2026, with full-year 2026 shipment guidance of 75-85 GW. Its Tiger Neo TOPCon N-type product line accounted for over 99% of 2025 module shipments, and the third-generation Tiger Neo 3.0 reached average mass-production output of 655-660W by the end of Q1 2026. Operations are vertically integrated across silicon ingots, wafers, cells, and modules, with manufacturing in China, Vietnam, the United States, and a planned Saudi Arabian joint venture with PIF. The group is structured as a Cayman NYSE-listed parent (JKS) whose principal operating subsidiary, Jinko Solar Co., is separately listed on the Shanghai STAR Market.

NYSE

$781M

Module Manufacturer
Arctech Solar
688408.SS $776M 🇨🇳 China Tracker
Arctech Solar
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Tracker

Arctech Solar is a Chinese manufacturer of single-axis solar trackers and fixed-tilt racking systems for utility-scale solar farms, with particular experience in high-wind and difficult-terrain environments. Listed on Shanghai's STAR Market, Arctech has deployed its SkyLine and SkySmart tracker products across projects in China, the Middle East, Latin America, and other emerging markets, and offers tracking-control software for its systems. Its growing international project base reflects positioning in the non-Chinese utility-solar tracker market.

SSE

$776M

Tracker
Daqo New Energy
DQ $775M 🇨🇳 China Polysilicon
Daqo New Energy
HQ: 🇨🇳 China Segment: Polysilicon

Daqo New Energy is one of the world's largest producers of solar-grade polysilicon, with 305,000 MT of nameplate capacity split between Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, manufactured using the modified Siemens process, and operates a debt-free balance sheet. Its structure spans two separately listed securities: the NYSE-listed Cayman holding company (DQ) owns roughly 72.8% of Xinjiang Daqo, the operating subsidiary that is itself listed on the Shanghai STAR Market. Industry-wide oversupply drove polysilicon prices below cash cost for much of 2024-2025, and Daqo has been deeply loss-making through that stretch; it ran at approximately 57% of nameplate capacity in Q1 2026 pending market normalisation under China's anti-involution supply-discipline policy.

NYSE

$775M

Polysilicon
7C Solarparken
HRPK.DE $159M 🇩🇪 Germany Renewable IPP
7C Solarparken
HQ: 🇩🇪 Germany Segment: Renewable IPP

7C Solarparken is a German operator and developer of distributed solar parks generating revenue from German feed-in tariffs, direct-marketing agreements, and PPAs. Listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the company owns and operates a portfolio of roughly 504 MWp in 2025, predominantly in Germany with a smaller Belgian presence, and both acquires existing parks and develops new ground-mount and rooftop projects. Its predominantly operating-asset base and contracted revenue under German renewable-energy legislation give it a business-model profile oriented toward stable cash flows rather than development-stage growth.

ETR

$159M

Renewable IPP
Tigo Energy
TYGO $128M 🇺🇸 United States MLPE Inverters
Tigo Energy
HQ: 🇺🇸 United States Segment: MLPE Inverters

Tigo Energy is a US-based provider of module-level power electronics (MLPE), competing primarily with Enphase and SolarEdge. Its TS4 platform delivers per-panel optimisation, real-time monitoring, and code-required rapid shutdown for residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar systems. The company also offers GO Energy Storage Systems for residential solar-plus-storage and the Predict+ machine-learning analytics platform used by utilities for renewable forecasting. Tigo recovered strongly in 2025, with revenue of $103.5 million up 91.7% year-on-year and roughly 2.7 million optimisers shipped. Recent strategic moves include a US manufacturing partnership with EG4 to access IRS Section 45X advanced-manufacturing credits and 48E investment-tax credits, plus international expansion in EMEA where bans on Chinese MLPE have created competitive opening for Western suppliers.

NASDAQ

$128M

MLPE Inverters

List Updates

Additions, removals and corrections are logged here as they happen. Market-cap data last refreshed July 24, 2026. Full changelog across all lists →

+

Company AdditionMar 3, 2025
T1 Energy (NYSE: TE, formerly Freyr Battery) began trading under its new ticker on March 3, 2025, repositioned around its 5 GW solar module manufacturing facility in Wilmer, Texas, acquired from Trina Solar. Added to Solar Stocks.
Disclaimer: Green Stocks Research publishes independent research for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing on this page is investment advice, a recommendation, or an offer to buy or sell any security — always do your own due diligence and consider consulting a licensed financial adviser before investing. Market-capitalisation figures are refreshed on a regular cadence from publicly available exchange data and may lag real-time prices; see our methodology for how this list is compiled and maintained. Green Stocks Research has no financial relationship with any company listed. Have a suggestion — an addition, removal, or correction? Email us at feedback@greenstocksresearch.com.

Solar Stocks — Investor FAQ

Solar stocks are shares of publicly traded companies that earn revenue from the solar power value chain. The term covers upstream manufacturers of polysilicon, wafers, cells, modules, inverters and trackers; EPC contractors that build projects; developers and independent power producers that own solar assets; and diversified utilities with large solar fleets. “Solar energy stocks” is used interchangeably, and the breadth matters for investors because manufacturers, developers and asset owners respond very differently to module prices, interest rates and policy changes. This solar stocks list organises companies by value chain segment, domicile and market cap so the different business models can be compared side by side.
Utility-scale solar is among the lowest-cost sources of new bulk electricity in many markets, and demand is being pulled by several structural buyers at once: utilities, national auctions, corporate offtakers and, in the US, data centres. Lazard's June 2025 analysis puts unsubsidised US utility-scale solar at $38–78/MWh against $48–109/MWh for new-build combined-cycle gas, and the gap is reinforced by gas-turbine delivery lead times that a 2025 DOE report put at one to seven years depending on turbine class. Module costs have fallen roughly 90% since 2010 as Chinese manufacturing capacity scaled, wafers thinned and cell efficiencies improved. Alongside policy support across China, the EU, India and the US, solar demand is underpinned by data-centre load growth (Berkeley Lab projects data centres could reach 9.5–15.3% of US electricity consumption by 2030, up from about 4.7% in 2024) and the broader electrification of transport and heating.
Upstream makes the equipment; downstream develops, builds or owns the assets, and oversupply that punishes one end of the chain often improves economics at the other. Upstream companies make the physical components: polysilicon, wafers, cells, modules, inverters, trackers, racking and balance-of-system. Their economics are driven by manufacturing scale, technology cost curves and the global capacity cycle, leaving them directly exposed to oversupply and price wars. Downstream is really three different business models: project developers earn development margins and often sell projects before or at completion; EPC contractors earn construction and services margins; and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) own operating assets and earn long-duration electricity revenue, typically under 10–25 year Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). The two ends of the chain can partially offset one another: oversupply that compresses module margins simultaneously lowers the cost base for developers and can lift project returns. Downstream names are also more rate-sensitive: yield-oriented IPPs tend to de-rate when long-end government bond yields rise, all else equal, and residential solar is highly rate-sensitive given its dependence on consumer loans, leases and tax-equity financing.
China effectively sets marginal pricing across most of the crystalline-silicon value chain, so Chinese supply discipline (or the lack of it) drives margins for almost every listed name. The IEA put China at more than 80% of manufacturing capacity across every major PV production stage in the mid-2020s, including roughly 95% of wafers. Since late 2022 the industry has been in a deep oversupply cycle: polysilicon spot prices fell below the production costs of many producers, module prices collapsed, and the IEA reported negative net margins at integrated manufacturers in 2024. Beijing's policy response, labelled “anti-involution”, relies on enforcement against below-cost selling, quality standards and pressure for capacity discipline rather than official price floors; in January 2026 China's market regulator ordered the PV industry association and leading polysilicon producers to stop coordinating prices, output and capacity utilisation. The April 2026 cancellation of China's solar export VAT rebate (cut from 9% to 0%) raises Chinese exporters' effective costs. US trade actions reinforce the bifurcation: Section 201 and AD/CVD tariffs, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act and OBBBA's foreign-entity restrictions on tax credits have created a higher-priced US market where qualifying manufacturers, particularly those eligible for Section 45X credits, can earn structurally better returns.
Storage has moved from optional add-on to core design feature in markets approaching solar saturation. Solar-plus-storage pairs a PV array with a co-located battery (usually lithium-ion, AC- or DC-coupled), letting midday solar generation shift into evening peak hours. California illustrates why: in the first half of 2024, midday wholesale prices in the solar-heavy CAISO market repeatedly went to zero or negative, compressing the prices solar plants captured, and the state's large four-hour battery fleet now routinely shifts that midday energy into the evening net-load peak. Spain, Germany, Australia and several Chinese provinces face versions of the same dynamic, and typical project sizing in the most saturated US markets has moved from 1–2 hour batteries toward four-hour systems.
For investors in several residential and manufacturing names, battery attach rates and energy-storage shipments have become important earnings drivers alongside module shipments: Sunrun reported a 71% storage attach rate in Q4 2025 (up from 62% a year earlier), JinkoSolar has built energy storage into a second growth engine, and Enphase (IQ Battery) and Tigo (GO ESS) sell storage alongside their inverter platforms.
The US policy stack is unusually consequential for solar valuations, and was reshaped, but not dismantled, by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) of July 2025. Section 45X advanced manufacturing credits pay 7¢/W for US-made modules, 4¢/W for cells, $12/m² for wafers and $3/kg for polysilicon; First Solar recognised $1.6 billion of 45X credits in 2025. Section 48E and 45Y investment and production tax credits still underwrite project economics, but OBBBA added a hard schedule: wind and solar projects beginning construction after July 4, 2026 must be placed in service by end-2027 to qualify, and IRS Notice 2025-42 limits the old 5% cost safe harbor to small solar facilities, so larger projects must show physical work to lock in eligibility. That schedule encourages developers to pull procurement and construction forward. OBBBA's prohibited-foreign-entity rules restrict credits for projects with material Chinese-controlled supply-chain content, supporting demand for qualifying US and other non-Chinese suppliers.
A separate Section 232 national-security investigation into polysilicon and its derivatives, opened July 2025, was still awaiting a final tariff determination as of mid-2026. In residential, the Section 25D homeowner credit ended for expenditures after 2025, shifting remaining incentives toward third-party-ownership platforms such as Sunrun, whose lease and PPA systems can continue to qualify under Section 48E subject to eligibility rules. Developers and manufacturers increasingly monetise credits through direct transfers to unrelated buyers as an alternative to conventional tax equity; pricing varies by credit and deal, with First Solar's disclosed 2025 45X credit sales at roughly 95 cents on the dollar.
Solar panel stocks are the cell and module manufacturers, such as First Solar, JinkoSolar, Canadian Solar and LONGi, whose earnings track module prices and manufacturing costs through the global capacity cycle. Solar inverter stocks sit in power electronics: companies like Enphase, SolarEdge and Sungrow make the equipment that converts DC solar output into grid-ready AC power. Enphase is a useful example of the difference: its exposure is tied to microinverters, storage attachment and residential solar systems rather than module manufacturing, so it trades on different drivers from solar panel manufacturers or utility-scale developers. Inverter makers typically carry higher gross margins than module manufacturers but are more exposed to residential demand swings and interest rates.
Solar stocks are shares in individual companies, so returns depend on single-company execution, financing and value chain position. Solar ETFs hold baskets of solar and clean energy companies, spreading that single-name risk across dozens of holdings in exchange for a management fee; funds such as the Invesco Solar ETF (TAN) mix manufacturers, inverter companies and developers in one instrument. Individual solar stocks suit investors with a view on a specific segment, for example inverters or US manufacturing, while ETFs suit those who want thematic exposure without picking winners. Our separate Solar ETFs list compares US-listed solar funds by assets, expense ratio and exposure type.

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Key Terms
Full Glossary →

The ultra-pure form of silicon (typically 8N–9N purity, meaning 99.999999% or better) that is the raw material for crystalline-silicon solar cells. Produced from metallurgical-grade silicon, primarily through the modified Siemens process (Daqo, Tongwei, GCL Technology) or the fluidised-bed reactor process (GCL Technology, REC Silicon). China accounted for over 80% of global polysilicon production as of the mid-2020s, with major hubs in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Polysilicon prices are highly cyclical: spot prices collapsed from late 2022 in the broader oversupply cycle, falling below the production costs of many producers.
The completed solar panel: photovoltaic cells laminated between glass, encapsulant film and a backsheet (or rear glass), bonded into an aluminium frame. Traditional formats used 60 or 72 full-size cells; modern modules typically use half-cut cells, so 108–144 cell pieces are common. Power ratings above 600W are now standard for large-format utility-scale products as cell efficiencies and wafer sizes have both increased. Module prices have fallen roughly 90% over the past fifteen years, with mainstream ex-China spot prices around $0.10–0.15/W during 2024–25. Bifacial modules, which generate power from both faces, typically add mid-single-digit to low-double-digit energy yield depending on site and mounting, and accounted for roughly two-thirds of the market by 2024 (IRENA).
Solar cell architecture has evolved through several generations, each lifting efficiency. BSF (Aluminium Back Surface Field) was the industry standard until around 2018. PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact) added a rear passivation layer, dominated production from roughly 2018 to 2023, and is being phased out. TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) is the current dominant N-type technology, used in JinkoSolar's Tiger Neo, Trina's Vertex N, and JA Solar's DeepBlue, with 2025 average mass-production cell efficiencies around 25.5–26% and leading lines above 26%. HJT (Heterojunction) and BC (Back Contact, including LONGi's HPBC 2.0 architecture in Hi-MO 9) are the emerging premium technologies competing for next-generation leadership. CdTe (Cadmium Telluride, First Solar's thin-film technology) sits outside the silicon roadmap entirely.
The power-electronics device that converts the direct current (DC) output of solar panels into alternating current (AC) for the grid or building loads. Central inverters (Sungrow, Sineng, SMA) are large units, typically several MW each, used in utility-scale projects. String inverters (Sungrow, Huawei, GoodWe, Solis, Solax) cover roughly 3–350 kW for commercial-and-industrial and smaller utility-scale projects, and have taken share from central inverters in many utility-scale designs. Microinverters (Enphase, Hoymiles) operate at the panel level, providing per-module monitoring and superior shade tolerance at higher per-watt cost, and are widely used in US residential systems. Hybrid inverters (Deye, GoodWe, Sungrow) integrate a battery interface for solar-plus-storage applications.
A ground-mounted racking system that rotates solar panels to follow the sun across the sky, typically increasing annual energy yield by around 15–30% versus fixed-tilt depending on latitude, irradiance and design. Single-axis trackers (the dominant type) rotate panels east-to-west on a north-south horizontal axis. Dual-axis trackers add a second tilt-adjustment axis but are generally uneconomic for utility-scale projects. Trackers add incremental capex versus fixed-tilt that high-irradiance sites usually repay through the higher yield, and they dominate new US utility-scale installations. Key listed suppliers include Nextpower (formerly Nextracker), Array Technologies, Arctech Solar, and FTC Solar.
The average cost per unit of electricity (typically expressed in $/MWh) generated over a power plant's lifetime, accounting for capital costs, operating costs, fuel, financing and capacity utilisation under stated assumptions for project life and discount rate. LCOE is the standard first-pass tool for comparing generation technologies, though it does not capture dispatchability, curtailment or grid-integration costs. Lazard's June 2025 US analysis put unsubsidised utility-scale solar at $38–78/MWh and onshore wind at $37–86/MWh, against $48–109/MWh for new-build combined-cycle gas, keeping utility solar and onshore wind among the lowest-cost sources of new bulk generation in many markets.
A long-term contract (commonly 10–25 years) between a power project owner and an offtaker (utility, corporate, or government) setting the commercial terms for electricity delivered. Pricing structures range from flat fixed prices to indexed or escalating prices, floors and collars, and many renewable PPAs are pay-as-produced rather than fixed-volume. A bankable PPA with a creditworthy offtaker provides the contracted revenue stream that supports non-recourse project financing across geothermal, solar, wind, and other generation projects. Firm, dispatchable resources such as geothermal can command a pricing premium over intermittent generation because output is available around the clock. Variants include physical PPAs (electricity is physically delivered) and virtual PPAs (a financial contract with no physical delivery); tolling agreements, under which the offtaker pays a capacity fee and controls dispatch, are a related but distinct structure more common for storage and thermal assets.
A company that owns and operates power generation assets and sells electricity into wholesale markets or under long-term PPAs. Most IPPs are distinct from regulated utilities, though diversified parents can own both: NextEra Energy pairs the regulated utility FPL with its NextEra Energy Resources (NEER) IPP arm. The IPP model is a major route through which utility-scale solar is developed and owned globally. Listed renewable IPPs on this list include NextEra Energy (via NEER), Brookfield Renewable, Clearway Energy, AES, Scatec, Solaria, Grenergy, ReNew, Voltalia, 7C Solarparken, Enlight, and Xinyi Energy. IPP valuations are typically driven by contracted cash-flow visibility, the cost of capital relative to long-end government bond yields, merchant power-price exposure, and the development pipeline that drives growth beyond the operating fleet.
The duck curve is the shape of net load in solar-heavy grids: total electricity demand minus variable renewable generation, which sags to a low midday belly while solar output is high and then ramps steeply into the evening as solar falls away but demand persists. Wholesale prices tend to track net load, so solar-rich hours often see very low or even negative prices while evening hours stay firm. Capture rate is the average price a technology actually realises divided by the average wholesale price across all hours; solar's capture rate falls as penetration rises because correlated solar output suppresses prices in exactly the hours it generates. In the first half of 2024, midday prices in California's CAISO market repeatedly hit zero or negative, compressing solar capture rates and accelerating the shift toward solar-plus-storage. Co-located batteries shift midday energy into the evening net-load peak, improving the prices a hybrid project realises.
The percentage of new solar installations sold or commissioned with co-located battery storage. Attach rates have risen sharply as midday solar output has increasingly depressed wholesale prices, or forced curtailment, in high-penetration markets. In US residential, Sunrun reported a 71% attach rate in Q4 2025, up from 62% a year earlier. For several listed names, attach rates and energy storage system (ESS) shipment growth have become important forward-earnings drivers alongside module shipments, visible in JinkoSolar's pivot to ESS as a second growth engine and in Enphase's IQ Battery and Tigo's GO ESS product lines.
The federal credits and related rules that drive the economics of US-listed solar names, reshaped, but not dismantled, by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) of July 2025. Section 45X pays manufacturers a per-unit production credit for US-made components: 7¢/W for modules, 4¢/W for cells, $12/m² for wafers, $3/kg for polysilicon, 0.25¢/W for central inverters and 11¢/W for microinverters. Section 48E (investment) and Section 45Y (production) credits underwrite project economics; under OBBBA, wind and solar projects beginning construction after July 4, 2026 must be placed in service by end-2027 to qualify, and IRS Notice 2025-42 limits the 5% cost safe harbor to small solar facilities, so larger projects rely on physical-work tests. Prohibited-foreign-entity rules restrict credits where supply chains contain material Chinese-controlled content. A Section 232 national-security investigation into polysilicon and its derivatives, opened July 2025, was still pending as of mid-2026. The Section 25D homeowner credit ended for expenditures after 2025, leaving third-party-ownership platforms (such as Sunrun) as the principal route to remaining residential incentives, subject to Section 48E eligibility.
The Chinese government's policy campaign against “involution”: irrational, below-cost competition in overcapacity industries, elevated to a national priority in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. For solar, the campaign works through enforcement against below-cost selling, quality standards and pressure for capacity discipline rather than official price floors; in January 2026 the market regulator SAMR ordered the PV industry association and leading polysilicon producers to stop coordinating prices, output and capacity utilisation. Concrete measures include the April 2026 cancellation of the 9% VAT export rebate on solar PV products and government-led symposia involving MIIT, NDRC, SAMR and NEA. Whether the campaign durably lifts prices remains the core variable in the bull case for upstream Chinese solar names like Daqo, GCL Technology, and Tongwei.
The financing structures that monetise US clean-energy tax credits for owners that lack the tax capacity to use them directly. In a tax equity partnership, a tax-paying investor (historically banks and major corporates) takes an ownership stake in a project in exchange for the credits and depreciation benefits; this is the traditional route for project credits such as the Section 48E ITC and Section 45Y PTC. The IRA added transferability, allowing eligible credits to be sold to unrelated buyers for cash; transferability is also how manufacturers commonly monetise Section 45X production credits, which are manufacturing credits rather than project credits. Transfer pricing varies with credit type, tenor, indemnities and seller quality; First Solar's disclosed 2025 45X credit sales priced around 95 cents on the dollar. Transferability has broadened the buyer pool beyond traditional tax equity and is central to how developers and manufacturers fund growth under the OBBBA-era rules.

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